2021 上海卷 英语

（1）A.Workers explore flexible approaches to fighting sleepiness at work.
B.Companies need more facilities for their workers' on﹣site napping.
C.Companies encourage their workers to nap on the job.
D.Workers demand more care about their sleep quality.
（2）A.Go home for a 20﹣minute nap.
B.Take a 10﹣minute nap at 3 p.m.
C.Do sports with personal trainers.
D.Sleep in a room with a bed and pillows.
（3）A.Taking a nap improves his work efficiency.
B.Using a calculator prevents him making mistakes.
C.He works longer than any other employee in the firm.
D.He works as an account ant in a consulting company.

（1）A.A search engine developed by a library.
B.An introduction to the Pearl Library.
C.A person﹣to﹣person information service.
D.Changes that search engines bring to us.
（2）A.It may give you a large number of results.
B.It may cause your computer to break down.
C.It will provide unreliable information.
D.It will take a long time to show the answers.
（3）A.It recommends what to read when you miss key information.
B.It offers a satisfactory answer even to a vague question.

C.It teaches you how to look for information.
D.It is accessible for 9 hours 7 days a week.

（1）A.What benefits summer jobs have.
B.How the woman can find a summer job.
C.Which summer camp suits the woman.
D.How they can succeed in an interview.
（2）A.It will give her useful experience.
B.It will be a better﹣paid job.
C.It will enable her to keep in contact with him.
D.It will secure a full﹣time job for her.
（3）A.It is held every week.
B.It opens for 9 hours.
C.Participants shouldn't dress casually.
D.Participants needn't carry their resumes.
（4）A.She is going to be a teacher.
B.She wants to be a top student.
C.She is confident of her future.
D.She takes interest in camp life.

The Spread of Disease
Traveling from one city to another can lead to the spread of disease.When people arrive in a
new place，they may bring in bacteria that （1）　was not　（not be） present in the past.The
people there have no natural protection （2）　against　these new bacteria，so they catch the
disease more easily.（3）　Because　it is unfamiliar，health workers may not identify it or stop it
from spreading.People with the disease may continue to have contact with others.In this way，the
bacteria travel from person to person through the population.This was （4）　what　happened，
for example，when soldiers travelled back home at the end of the First World War.These soldiers
brought with them the Spanish flu，and （5）　it　cost millions of lives.
Heating and cooling systems in buildings can also be a source of disease.Take old air
conditioners in windows as an example.They tend to collect dirt and water，which makes it easy
for bacteria （6）　to grow　（grow）.Then when the air conditioner （7）　is turned　
（turn） on，the bacteria will be blown into the home or office and make people sick.Bacteria
grow fast in the water of the cooling towers.They are then sent throughout the building with the air
conditioning and can affect anyone in the building.Scientists first recognized this problem in July
1976，by （8）　that　time 221 people had become seriously ill.
Pollution of the oceans can also be a factor in spreading disease.The pollution may be caused
by fertilizers that wash into rivers and then into the ocean，or by human waste （9）　dumped　
（dump）directly into the ocean with no processing.These pollutants result in the increased growth
of tiny plants that are called algae.They can form a thick mass in the water， （10）　providing　
（provide）a perfect environment for cholera，a fatal disease.

14．
The Spread of Disease
Traveling from one city to another can lead to the spread of disease.When people arrive in a
new place，they may bring in bacteria that （1）　was not　（not be） present in the past.The
people there have no natural protection （2）　against　these new bacteria，so they catch the
disease more easily.（3）　Because　it is unfamiliar，health workers may not identify it or stop it
from spreading.People with the disease may continue to have contact with others.In this way，the
bacteria travel from person to person through the population.This was （4）　what　happened，
for example，when soldiers travelled back home at the end of the First World War.These soldiers
brought with them the Spanish flu，and （5）　it　cost millions of lives.
Heating and cooling systems in buildings can also be a source of disease.Take old air
conditioners in windows as an example.They tend to collect dirt and water，which makes it easy
for bacteria （6）　to grow　（grow）.Then when the air conditioner （7）　is turned　
（turn） on，the bacteria will be blown into the home or office and make people sick.Bacteria
grow fast in the water of the cooling towers.They are then sent throughout the building with the air
conditioning and can affect anyone in the building.Scientists first recognized this problem in July
1976，by （8）　that　time 221 people had become seriously ill.
Pollution of the oceans can also be a factor in spreading disease.The pollution may be caused
by fertilizers that wash into rivers and then into the ocean，or by human waste （9）　dumped　
（dump）directly into the ocean with no processing.These pollutants result in the increased growth
of tiny plants that are called algae.They can form a thick mass in the water， （10）　providing　
（provide）a perfect environment for cholera，a fatal disease.

People believe that having pets is overall a good thing for children.But does this belief
hold up to （1）　B　？The new field of human﹣animal interaction aims to find out.
Ten years ago，when psychologist Joan Smith reviewed the literature on child﹣animal
relationships，she reported that interacting with animals led young children to better understand
biology than pet﹣less children.Kindergarteners who had cared for goldfish were more（2）　C　
when responding to questions like"does a goldfish have a heart？"They also more easily（3）　A　
biological information from one species to another，inferring that baby frogs get bigger just like
goldfish do.She also reports that those kids who turned to their pets for emotional support were
less（4）　D　 than these who didn't.
The past ten years have seen some advances，but literature on the topic is still rather（5）　
A　 .A recent paper by researcher Meg Brown at Lakeside University （6） 　B　 some important
information to the discussion.
She turned to a dataset that includes information from 7，000 kids，ranging in（7） 　B　from
thirteen to nineteen years.For the study，both pet owning and other types of（8） 　D　
activities，like horseback riding，were considered as human﹣animal interaction experience.
She found that adolescents with animal experience were more likely to see themselves as
important （9）　C　to their communities，such as doing community service.She also found that
the higher the level of（10）　C　between a teenager and animals，the higher they scored on
measurements of emotional connectedness in general.While causality（因果关系） cannot be
determined，Brown says that it is at least （11）　A　 that children and adolescents can learn
about healthy social relationships from their experiences of interacting with animals."If a
connection exists between the skills required for these relationships，then it might be useful to
make use of animal relationships as a way to（12）　D　 the development of social skills，"she
says.
Brown is aware of the limitations of her study.It can't reach any conclusions about the causal
role of animals in kids' lives，and it's limited to（13） 　A　 nationwide.Besides，the study was not
designed to （14） 　B　any potential negative effects of human﹣animal interaction

experiences.Some other studies，for example，have shown that pet owners have higher levels of
psychological（15）　D　，like depression，than non﹣pet owners.
（1）A.common sense B.scientific evidence C.universal assumptions D.natural
tendencies
（2）A.enthusiastic B.curious C.accurate D.serious
（3）A.transferred B.collected C.judged D.spread
（4）A.cautious B.vigorous C.ambitious D.anxious
（5）A.limited B.reliable C.varied D.fascinating
（6）A.owes B.adds C.restricts D.adapts
（7）A.status B.age C.height D.performance
（8）A.animal﹣
watching
B.animal﹣led C.animal﹣friendly D.animal﹣related
（9）A.donators B.delegates C.contributors D.witnesses
（10）A.difference B.isolation C.attachment D.disapproval
（11）A.possible B.questionable C.misleading D.uncertain
（12）A.block B.stress C.involve D.promote
（13）A.teenagers B.researchers C.pet﹣less children D.pet owners
（14）A.do away with B.throw light on C.take advantage of D.make up for
（15）A.needs B.tests C.explanations D.disorders

19． At a conference on self﹣driving cars，Mike Harp，a government official，asked a
seemingly simple question about what happens when his own car meets a driverless vehicle."If
I honk（按喇叭） ，will it do any good？"Harp wanted to know.Unfortunately，manufacturers
didn't have an answer."We haven't reached that point of deciding how and whether it would be
appropriate for vehicles to react and in which way to honking，"said one of them.The brief
exchange highlights a thorn in the side of automakers and policymakers alike：Self﹣driving
cars will have to share the road with human drivers，likely for decades to come.Those vehicles
must therefore respond and adapt to the peculiarities and mistakes of humans behind the wheel.
Self﹣driving technology has already come a long way.Cars being tested on the road today
use cameras and radar，for example，to detect the movements of nearby cyclists and
pedestrians.There are already driver﹣assist technologies built into some cars that monitor the
speed of vehicles around you，detect potential accidents before they occur，and automatically slow
or stop the car to avoid a wreck.In a world where all cars drive themselves，the technology could
operate at peak efficiency.Supporters of self﹣driving cars say that speed limits could be raised
and fatal crashes largely avoided as no traffic laws are broken and poor drivers become a thing of
the past.
But the change to driverless vehicles is expected to be gradual，and will likely start with ride
﹣sharing services，as the costs of personally owning a self﹣driving car remain extremely
high.That means man and machine will have to play nice on roadways."There are so many
interesting situations，"such as honking a horn，Harp said.When"another car with a driver meets a
self﹣driving car without a driver in there and they realize that，it will frighten some people.How
that's going to be dealt with will be part of the fun part of this process."
Any driver can tell you that driving involves a lot of social interaction，particularly the hand
gestures and eye contact of fellow drivers.Much of that interaction between drivers will eventually
be digital as cars increasingly collect data and share it with the vehicles around them.If a car
speeds up，slows down or prepares for a stop，for example，that would be communicated
immediately and electronically to the other vehicles on the road.Like self﹣driving technology，
however，it will be years before the vehicle﹣to﹣vehicle communication is common.
That challenge is being taken into account as driverless vehicles are tested on public
roads.But the honking issue is particularly tricky because it's subject to interpretation.It's going to

be really hard for a driverless vehicle，even if it hears the honk，to figure out what that honk means.
（1）In paragraph 1，"a thorn"refers to 　C　.
A.the issue that human drivers have peculiarities and make mistakes
B.the prediction that self﹣driving cars will be common in the future
C.the fact that driverless cars co﹣exist with cars driven by humans
D.the technology that ensures driverless cars are safe on the road
（2）Which of the following can be inferred from the last two paragraphs？ 　D　
A.Most people don't advocate self﹣driving technology.
B.Inter﹣vehicle communication is superior to inter﹣personal interaction.
C.Social interaction will decrease among drivers behind the wheel.
D.More data is needed to make self﹣driving technology a reality much sooner.
（3）Which example is used to illustrate that self﹣driving technology is not something new？ 　
D　
A.A car communicates its speed to the other vehicles.
B.A driverless car is likely to frighten human drivers.
C.Speed limits are raised in a world of self﹣driving cars.
D.Car cameras and radar are used to detect moving people.
（4）Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？ 　D

21．Ann Grand：a visual thinker
Ann Grand is a visual thinker.When somebody speaks to her，the words are instantly
translated into pictures，like a video in her head.Unlike most people，her thoughts move from
video﹣like images to generalizations and concepts.Furthermore，her memories usually appear in
her imagination in order of time，and the image visualized are always specific.For example，if she
thinks about a chimney，she sees detailed pictures，like the one in her old house，and then those in
her hometown.That one word can turn into a full﹣length video in her head.Grand's mind works

like the Internet search engine which produces dozens of images of an object a user is searching
for.
Visual thinking has enabled Grand to build entire systems in her imagination，which works
similarly to a computer program because it can produce three﹣dimensional design
simulations.This was important to her as an equipment designer for the livestock industry.Before
she started construction on her designs，she would test﹣run the equipment in her
mind.She formed mental pictures of her designs in every possible situation，with different sizes
and breeds of cattle and in different weather conditions.This process made it possible for her to
correct mistakes before construction started.
Grand's mind is also sensitive to details，which was important in her work with cattle.Her
sharp awareness of the visual world led to noteworthy observations about animals.She noticed
many little things that most people would not consider that scared the cattle.For example，a coat
on a fence or a pipe on the floor would frighten them away.Grand's visualization abilities have
also helped her understand the animals she has worked with.This led her to create designs ranging
from sweeping，curved fences intended to reduce the stress experienced by animals that were
going to be killed to systems for handling sick cattle and pigs.

22．你坐会儿，我来看管这六件行李。 　You can sit for a while，and I will look after these six
pieces of luggage/baggage.　（look） （汉译英）

23．打喷嚏的时候务必用纸巾遮住口鼻。 （Do） 　Do cover your nose and mouth with a tissue
when you sneeze.

24． 这位头发花白的外交官与老友不期而遇，脑海中浮现出那段为理想而奋斗的青春岁月。
（remind） 　An encounter with his old friend reminded the grey﹣haired diplomat of the
youthful days when they were striving for their ideals.

25．这位先驱者的故居是间不起眼的木屋，现正修复中，游客有望在六月底一睹其真容。 　
The former residence of the pioneer is a humble wooden house，which is now under restoration，
and visitors are likely to see its real look at the end of June.　（under） （汉译英）

26．假如你是明启中学高三学生李华，收到外国朋友 Bill 的邮件，告诉你他准备学习汉语，
现有两门汉语课程供他选择（课程信息如下表所示） ，但他对课程选择有些茫然，想听取
你的建议。给 Bill 回复一封邮件，在邮件中你必须：
（1）推荐其中一门课程；
（2）通过比较两门课程的信息，说明你推荐该课程的理由。
课程名称 汉语听说 汉语读写
课程内容 日常会话 故事读写
授课安排 每周一、四
晚7：00﹣8：30，共8周
每周五
晚7：00﹣8：30，共16周
授课语言 全中文 中英双语