What does the author mainly a…——2013 高考英语第 57 题答案解析

【考点】OD：文学艺术类阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本篇为说明文，谈到马克•吐温的小说是不是对奴隶制和种族偏见进行了抨击
，以及它们受到了不同人士的批评的情况．
【解答】65．B．推理判断题．由第二段的…Twain planted his attacks on slavery and
prejudice into tales that were on the surface about something else
entirely．可知，马克•吐温的小说表面上完全是谈其他事情，而实际上故事中植入了对
奴隶制和种族偏见的抨击．其他早期小说用的是直接抨击方式（dealt directly with
slavery）．因此B项说他的小说对种族歧视的抨击非常不明显是恰当的，由此排除C、D
两项；由第三段第一句中的"forced"可知A项不对．故选B．

66．D．细节理解题．根据关键词Adventures of Huckleberry
Finn可定位到第三段．由More recently the book has been attacked because of…many
occurences of the word
nigger．可知，目前最近的书存在的攻击是由于逃跑的奴隶，和许多出现下层人的单词
．答案为D项．A、C项都是以前人们对该书的评价；B项无依据．故选D．
67．C．细节理解题．由第四段的末句…the character of Jim was a first in American
fiction﹣a recognition that the slave had two
personalities…可知，吉姆是马克吐温笔下美国首个具有双重人格的奴隶，可证明马克吐
温的立场．A、D项叙述与原文不符；B项未提及．故选C．
68．C．推理判断题．第五段讲到Twain's mystery novel…as a challenge to the racial
beliefs…，（吐温的小说，具有民族观念的挑战．）而下一段的The point was difficult to
miss：nurture（养育），not nature，was the key to social
status．（不自然，养育是社会地位的关键）是对a challenge to the racial beliefs
的进一步解释．故只有C项符合要求．其他各项都是对第五段的字面意思的理解．故选
C．
69．D．词义猜测题．由画线词所在句的前一句可知，没有理由认为马克•吐温把这些表
演当作现实，后句紧接着解释到：马克•吐温对奴隶制和偏见的不断抨击说明了他敏锐
的意识﹣﹣它们不是现实．可见they就是指代the shows．故选D．

【答案】A

【解析】推理判断题．最后一段最后一句：And Twain…may have done more to anger the
nation over racial injustice…than any other novelist in the past
century．可知，吐温在自己的作品中，在种族歧视表现了更多的愤怒．这也同时表明作
者的观点．只有A项符合要求．故选A．
【点评】本文考察文学作品类阅读．阅读时要注意文中具体细节的把握与理解，弄清作
者所传达的实际信息及表达的具体内容．阅读时采取速读与精读相结合的方法，力求快
速精确地查出试题所设置的关键内容．
第四部分任务型阅读(共1小题;每小题10分,满分10分)请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容
在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意:请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的
横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
31．（10分）Quiet Virtue：The Conscientious
The everyday signs of conscientiousness （认真尽责）﹣being punctual，careful in doing

work，self﹣disciplined，and scrupulous （一丝不苟的） in attending to
responsibilities﹣are typical characteristics of the model organizational citizen，the people
who keep things running as they should．They follow the rules，help out，and are concerned
about the people they work with．It's the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or
updates people who return after an absence，who gets to work on time and never abuses sick
leaves，who always gets things done on deadline．
Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field．In studies of job performance，outstanding
effectiveness for almost all jobs，from semi鄄skilled labor to sales and
management，depends on conscientiousness．It is particularly important for outstanding
performance in jobs at the lower levels of an organization：the secretary whose message
taking is perfect，the delivery truck driver who is always on time．
Among sales representatives for a large American car manufacturer，those who were most
conscientious had the largest volume of sales．Conscientiousness also offers a buffer
（缓冲） against the threat of job loss in today's constantly changing market，because
employees with this quality are among the most valued．For the sales representatives，their
level of conscientiousness mattered almost as much as their sales in determining who stayed
on．
There is an air around highly conscientious people that makes them seem even better than they
actually are．Their reputation for dependability influences managers爷evaluations of their
work，giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of their performance would
predict．
But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems．Since
conscientious people demand so much of themselves，they can hold other people to their own
standards，and so be overly judgmental when others don爷t show the same high levels of
model behavior．Factory workers in Great Britain and the United States who were extremely
conscientious，for example，tended to criticize co﹣workers even about failures that seemed
unimportant to those they criticized，which damaged their relationships．
When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to expectations，it can discourage
creativity．In creative professions like art or advertising，openness to wild ideas and
spontaneity （自发性） are scarce and in demand．Success in such occupations calls for a

balance，however； without enough conscientiousness to follow through，people become
mere dreamers，with nothing to show for their imaginativeness．