What does the passage mainly…——2015 高考英语第 52 题答案解析

【考点】OA：健康环保类阅读；P1：内容归纳；P6：作者情感态度．菁优网版权所有
【分析】文章主要介绍了电子垃圾的产生、危害以及相关解决措施．随着电子数码科技
的进步，产生了越来越多的电子垃圾．手机、电脑和电子元器件等被越来越多地扔掉，
里面含有像金银之类的贵金属，但也含有大量的有毒物质，作者详细地分析了造成这一
问题的原因，并提出了坚决问题的建议和措施．
【解答】58．B 推理判断题．文章第一段告诉我们，每年有大量废弃电子产品被随意丢
弃．紧接着第二段首句"Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver．"
指出：电子设备中含有有用的金属，如金和银，并用Swiss study佐证这一观点，据此可
知作者想要告诉我们，电子垃圾值得被充分运用．故答案选B．
59．B 细节理解题．文中六、七、八段围绕"生产责任延伸"展开，最后一段做了总结．根
据最后一段的"a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer
both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and
tax﹣payers back to the producers．"可知处理电子垃圾的责任应该从政府延伸到用户身
上．故答案选B．

【答案】D

【解析】主旨大意题．这篇短文主要讲述了电子垃圾被随意丢弃这一现象，文中详细分析
了造成这一问题的原因，并提出了建议．故答案选D"电子垃圾的管理"．而其余三项都
只是概括了文章的部分内容，并不能概括全文．
【点评】健康环保类文章常是介绍科学知识、生活常识和环境保护方面的短文．阅读此
类短文要以现象或事物为中心进行思考，理解现象产生的原因、条件和客观规律等．同
时要抓住事物的特征、用途和相互关系等．由于此类文章缺乏故事情节，很多同学对此
类文章感到费解．文章都是就事论事，需要逻辑推理和想象的时候较少，因此此类阅读

题也没有同学们想象中的那么难，只要多加训练，就能较好地答题．
29． （8分）Suppose you become a leader in an organization．It's very likely that you'll want to have
volunteers to help with the organization's activities．To do so，it should help to understand why
people undertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work．
Let's begin with the question of why people volunteer．Researchers have identified several
factors that motivate people to get involved．For example，people volunteer to express personal
values related to unselfishness，to expand their range of experiences，and to strengthen social
relationships．If volunteer positions do not meet these needs，people may not wish to
participate．To select volunteers，you may need to understand the motivations of the people you
wish to attract．
People also volunteer because they are required to do so．To increase levels of community
service，some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs．Unfortunately，these
programs can shift people's wish of participation from an internal factor （e．g． ，"I volunteer
because it's important to me"） to an external factor （e．g． ，"I volunteer because I'm required
to do so"） ．When that happens，people become less likely to volunteer in the future．People
must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must．
Once people begin to volunteer，what leads them to remain in their positions over time？To
answer this question，researchers have conducted follow﹣up studies in which they track
volunteers over time．For instance，one study followed 238volunteers in Florida over a
year．One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the
amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions．Although this result may not
surprise you，it leads to important practical advice．The researchers note that attention should
be given to"training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or
provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience"．
Another study of 302volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the
degree to which people view"volunteer"as an important social role．It was assumed that those
people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be
most likely to continue volunteer work．Participants indicated the degree to which the social
role mattered by responding to statements such as"Volunteering in Hospital is an important
part of who I am．"Consistent with the researchers'expectations，they found a positive

correlation （正相关） between the strength of role identity and the length of time people
continued to volunteer．These results，once again，lead to concrete advice："Once an individual
begins volunteering，continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity…
Items like T﹣shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contributions can
help strengthen role identity"．