Scientists Discover Animal La…——2020 高考英语第 21 题答案解析

21．
Scientists Discover Animal Language
It is human beings' pride that we are the only species on the Planet that can speak and
think.However，recent research cast doubt on that common belief.

Zuberbuhler，a psychologist at St.Andrews University，and his colleagues recorded thousands
of calls made by Diana monkeys and noticed that the monkeys adapted their calls to change the
meaning to warn one another about different situations.For example，they made a 'krack' alarm
call at the sight of tiger.However，when they merely repeated calls made by other monkeys they
added an 'oo'.
The researchers found that the same calls would be recognised by other species，like
Campbell's monkeys.So they are communicating across species. "And since then we have found
that hornbill birds can understand these calls and they too can understand all the different
meanings"，said Zuberbuhler.
What is also surprising is that signs of intelligence have been found in birds，whose small
brains were long assumed to be a complete barrier to sentence.However，all is changing fast.A few
years ago Irene Pepperberg of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology taught a parrot to
recognise and count up to six objects and describe their shapes，which couldn't have been achieved
if birds were unable to memorize.
Last year，that was topped by Alex Kacelnik，a professor of behavioral ecology at Oxford，
who discovered that crows（乌鸦） are capable of using tools in complex orders，the first time
such behaviour has been observed in non﹣humans.In an experiment seven crows successfully
grabbed a piece of food placed out of reach using three different lengths of stick.Crucially，they
were able to complete the task without any special training，suggesting the birds were capable of a
level of abstract reasoning normally associated only with humans.
All this is powerful evidence against the idea that people are unique.
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