What does the author think of…——2017 高考英语第 12 题答案解析

【考点】O5：科教类阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】 本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了人工智能可
能会脱离人的控制，我们必须解决超级智能机器的安全问题
【解答】AADC
67．A．推理判断题．根据第一段The real problem relates to the possibility that
artificial intelligence（AI）may become extremely good at achieving something other
than what we really want可知人工智能可能会脱离人的控制；故选A．
68．A．细节理解题．根据第二段A machine with a specific purpose has another
quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own
existence可知有特定用途的机器与生物有联系， 部分原因是它们可能能防止自身
被破坏；故选A．
69．D．细节理解题．根据第三段Some researchers argue that we can seal the
machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never
allowing them to affect the real world可知根据一些研究人员的说法，我们可以使
用防火墙来避免机器人影响世界；故选D．

【答案】C

【解析】推理判断题．根据最后一段Solving the safety problem well enough to move
forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which
to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines可知作者认为超级智能机器的安
全问题会被解决尽管会十分艰难；故选C．
【点评】 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章
中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的
主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．
　
第二节 （共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项
中有两项为多余选项。
Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats
are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. 71
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. 72 We know
that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections
between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have
been unclear.
Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between
neurons(神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh
memories to form the next day. 73
Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 74 The synapses
in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 percent smaller than those
taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while
sleeping.
If Tononi’s theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night’s, we find
it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information — our brains may
have smaller room for new experiences.
Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even
though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to
be protected and stayed the same size. 75 “You keep what matters,” Tononi

says.
A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.
B. It’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.
C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.
D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.
E. That’s why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after
learning.
F. “Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developed
the idea.
G. Tononi’s team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the
brains of 12 mice.
【考点】O5：科教类阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】这篇文章出自《可能最终揭露大脑对我们睡眠的神秘作用》，作者克莱
尔•威尔逊．体裁依然是常考的说明文，主要探讨了动物（包括人类）睡眠的原
因， 提出了两种假设"帮助巩固新的记忆"和"为明天的全新记忆腾出空间"． 其中，
后一种假设得到了实验的支持，为越来越多的人所认可．同时，提出该假设的研
究人员也指出，重要的记忆是不会被清除的，而是被保留下来，成为永久记
忆．
【解答】CEFGB