What is the main purpose of t…——2018 高考英语第 7 题答案解析

【考点】O5：科教类阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是我们人类每年会生产大量的
塑料，大多被掩埋在垃圾场，对海洋造成严重污染，至今还没有有效方法解决，
但是一项新的研究表明大蜡蛾的蠕虫可以分解塑料．
【解答】43-46 CBDC
43．C．推理判断题．根据文章第二段中的"Researchers in Spain and England
recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene,
which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial
polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down

about 92 milligrams"可知，大蜡蛾的蠕虫可以消耗分解大量的塑料，因此答案选
C．
44．B．细节理解题．根据文章倒数第二段中的"The next step, DeBruyn says, will
be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm
itself or by its gut microbes（肠道微生物）?"可知，下一步将是确定分解的原
因．它是由蠕虫本身或肠道微生物产生的酶发挥的作用，由此可知答案选B．
45．D．推理判断题．根据文章最后一段中的"But she expects using the chemical in
some kind of industrial process﹣not simply "millions of worms thrown on top of the
plastic"可以推断出这种化学物质将来会在生产过程中使用，由此可知答案选
D．

【答案】C

【解析】写作目的题．通过整体内容可知这篇文章主要讲了一项关于蠕虫可以分
解塑料的方法的研究，由此可知答案选C．
【点评】 考查科教类阅读理解．这类题材是高考常考的内容，主要考查考生对文
章整体内容的把握以及细节的理解， 做题时要结合题干及上下文做出合理推理确
定答案．
　
D
Preparing Cities for Robot Cars
The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream,
years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now.
The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for
companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the
way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate
driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn’t leading the way here.
Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It’s hard to
predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it
takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our
cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.
While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless
cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving

vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient,
affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure
that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.
Do we want to copy — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless
cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They
tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can
work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They
take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the
building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a
child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even
leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers
have already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services.
A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing
petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems
could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of
transportation infrastructure(基 础 设 施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer
emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available
driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering
the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与
维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more
people become comfortable with the technology.
Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance
of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled
transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents
a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move
more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to
plan for it.