The passage is meant to B ．——2013 高考英语第 47 题答案解析

【考点】O7：政治经济类阅读．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文是议论文，是作者对分配事情的道德标准的见解，提到了以下几点内容：

1．额外付款得到更快服务和排队等候是分配事情所采取的两种不同方式，他们适用于
不同的场合；2．排队等候原则在运动场上和车站似乎是对的，但也不是说所有场合都
适用，有时候标准是会变的；3．对待各种场合的录音信息不要太认真，有时候公司会
利用呼叫中心给某些人优先权；4．额外付款得到更快服务和排队等候并不是分配事情
所采取的固定方式，可是现在额外付款得到更快服务的方式有取代排队等候和其它的分
配方式的趋势，这排队原则的逐渐消失令人担忧．
【解答】58．A 细节理解题，根据第二段The principle seems right on play grounds and at
bus stops．Selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities，properly governed
by different
standards．可知卖房和等公交车是受不同标准的制约，等公交车是先到先得，而卖房则
不同，故选A．
59．C 推理判断题，根据第四段Sometimes standards change，and it is unclear which
principle should apply．以及第五段 But don't take the recorded message too
seriously．可知适用规则的不确定性以及不要太把这个事例当故事，故选C．

【答案】B

【解析】主旨大意题，根据第六段Of course，markets and queues are not the only ways of
allocating things．可知本文主要讲述了对分配事务的道德问题的探讨，故选B．
【点评】考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力．做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原
句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确选择．在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替
文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．
29．（8分）If a diver surfaces too quickly，he may suffer the bends．Nitrogen（氮）
dissolved（溶解） in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure．The
consequence，if the bubbles （气泡）accumulate in a joint，is sharp pain and abent
body﹣thus the name．If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain，the consequence can be
death．
Other air﹣breathing animals also suffer this decompression（减压） sickness if they surface
too fast：whales，for example．And so，long ago，did ichthyosaurs．That these ancient
sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones．If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the
bone they can cut off its blood supply．This kills the cells in the bone，and consequently
weakens it，sometimes to the point of collapse．Fossil （化石）bones that have caved in on
them selves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends．

Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of
ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past．What he
particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of
decompression over the 150 million years．To this end，he and his colleagues traveled the
world's natural﹣history museums，looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic
period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods．
When he started，he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger
fossils，reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with
decompression．Instead，he was astonished to discover the opposite．More than 15% of
Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died，but not a single
Triassic specimen（标本） showed evidence of that sort of injury．
If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti﹣decompression means，they clearly did so
quickly﹣and，most strangely，they lost it afterwards．But that is not what Dr Rothschild
thinks happened．He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change．
Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator
（捕食动物） such as a large shark．One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance
of large sharks and crocodiles，both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches．Triassic
oceans，by contrast，were mercifully shark﹣and crocodile﹣free．In the
Triassic，then，ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain．In the Jurassic and
Cretaceous，they were prey（猎物） as well as predator﹣and often had to make a speedy
exit as a result．