What is the author's understa…——2015 高考英语第 61 题答案解析

【考点】O7：政治经济类阅读；P1：内容归纳；P2：文中细节；P6：作者情感态度．菁优网版权所有
【分析】这是一篇历史文化类说明文．文章讲述了自由的起源、演变及其在古代文化下
的形态和缺陷，以及数字化世界给自由带来的挑战．自由起源于2500年前的希腊，雅典
人自由地生活在一起，因为他们能够自愿在法律规定和价值体系下一起从事活动．后来
雅典人态度发生了改变，因为他们开始认为政府应该为他们的劳动付费，给他们提供舒
适的生活，而个人的自律和责任意识变得淡薄，造成的唯一结果就是雅典人不再享有自
由．作者通过雅典人对自由态度变化的对比，认为自由需要责任的保证．
【解答】65．D 词义猜测题． 根据划线词所在句子后半句"one very powerful man ruling over
helpless masses．"可知，tyrannies是指拥有绝对统治权的政府．故选D．
66．C 细节理解题．根据第三段内容可知，雅典人之所以能自由地生活在一起，是因为
他们能够自愿在法律规定和价值体系下一起从事活动．故选C．
67．A 细节理解题．根据第四段内容可知，雅典人后来态度发生了改变，因为他们开始
认为政府应该为他们的劳动付费，给他们提供舒适的生活，而个人的自律和责任意识变
得淡薄．故选A．
68．B 句意理解题．根据第五段第三句的"If men insisted on being free from the burden of
self﹣dependence and responsibility for the common good，they would cease to be free．"可
知，唯一的结果就是雅典人不再享有自由．故选B．
69．A 细节理解题．根据最后一段第二句"Athens lost freedom forever，but freedom was not
lost forever for the world．"和"Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind，but once
man has a great and good idea，it is never completely lost．The Digital Age cannot destroy
it．"可知，作者并没有因此而失去信心，相反对自由充满了希望．故选A．

【答案】D

【解析】观点态度题．作者通过雅典人对自由态度变化的对比，得出自由需要责任的保证
这一结论．故选D．
【点评】本文是政治经济类阅读，考查学生对细节的理解把握和推理判断能力，做题时
一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确选择．在做推理判断题时不要
以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．
第四部分：任务型阅读（共1小题；每小题10分，满分10分）请阅读下面短文，并根据
所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词．注意：请将答案写在答题卡上
相应题号的横线上．每个空格只填一个单词．
31． （10分）People select news in expectation of a reward．This reward may be either of two

kinds．One isrelated to what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle，the other to what he calls the
Reality Principle．For want of better names，we shall call these two classes immediate reward
and delayed reward．In general，the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate
reward are news of crime and corruption，accidents and disasters，sports，social events，and
human interest．Delayed reward may be expected from news of public affairs，economic
matters，social problems，science，education，and health．
News of the first kind pays its rewards at once．A reader can enjoy an indirect
experiencewithout any of the dangers or stresses involved．He can tremble wildly at an axe﹣
murder，shake hishead sympathetically and safely at a hurricane，identify himself with the
winning team，laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs．News of the
second kind，however，pays its rewards later．It sometimes requires the reader totolerate
unpleasantness or annoyance﹣as，for example，when he reads of the threatening foreign
situation，the mounting national debt，rising taxes，falling market，scarce housing，and
cancer．It has a kind of"threat value．"It is read so that the reader may be informed and
prepared．When a reader selects delayed reward news，he pulls himself into the world of
surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work．When he selects news of
the other kind，he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality toward the dream
world．
For any individual，of course，the boundaries of these two classes are not stable．For
example，asociologist may read news of crime as a social problem，rather than for its
immediate reward．Acoach may read a sports story for its threat value：he may have to play
that team next week．Apolitician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting，
not for its delayed reward，but very much as his wife reads an account of a party．In any given
story of corruption or disaster，a thoughtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward
of indirect experience，but also the delayed reward of information and
preparedness．Therefore，while the division of categories holds in general，an individual's
tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another，ordivide the experience
between the two kinds of reward．
What news stories do you read？

Division of
news stories
•People expect to
get （71）　
rewards/rewarded　
from reading
news．
•News stories are
roughly divided
into two
classes．
•Some news will
excite their
readers instantly
while others
won't．