What is the author's purpose…——2016 高考英语第 52 题答案解析

【考点】O5：科教类阅读；P4：逻辑推理；P6：作者情感态度．菁优网版权所有
【分析】本文介绍了厄尔尼诺现象，并讲述了该现象给世界各国带来的影响．虽然富裕
国家从厄尔尼诺现象中获得的远比他们失去的多， 但它却给一些贫穷的国家带来了灾难，
并使他们遭受了极大的损失；因此，呼吁人们要事先为厄尔尼诺做准备，要把减少人们
的损失当作首要的任务．
【解答】答案：
61．D 细节理解题 根据第一段"El Nifio sees warm water，collected over several years in
the western Pacific，…，or sometimes the other way round．当风通常向西，或有时则向相
反的方向减弱时，厄尔尼诺就会看到在西太平洋聚集了多年的温水回流到东部"的内容可
知，此处表达了它看到了海洋水流方向的变化；故选D
62．C 细节理解题 该题的题干是：厄尔尼诺现象给各个国家可能带来的影响是什么？
第二段中的"Rich countries gain more from powerful Nifio，on balance，than they lose总的
来说， 富裕国家从强大的厄尔尼诺中获得的远比他们失去的多．"与C．"Rich countries'gains
are greater than their losses．富裕国家的收益大于他们的损失．"表达的意思相同；故选
C
63．A 推理判断题．该题的题干是：第四段中，由ODI提供的数据表明了什么？根据
第四段"According to…（ODI） ，however，just 12% of disaster﹣relief funding in the past two
decades has gone on reducing risks in advance，rather than recovery and rebuilding
afterwards．在过去的二十年中，只有12%的救灾资金事先用于减少风险，而不是用于之
后的恢复与重建"表达的意思可知，"A．more investment should go to risk reduction 更多的
投资应该用于减少风险"符合文中的意思；故选A．

【答案】D

【解析】主旨大意题．该题的题干是：作者的写作意图是什么？根据最后一句"Since the

poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino，reducing
their losses needs to be the priority．由于最贫穷的人根本不可能从与厄尔尼诺相关的灾难
中弥补他们的损失，因此首要的任务是减少他们的损失"，可知"D．To urge people to
prepare for El Nino 呼吁人们为厄尔尼诺做准备"正是本文的主旨思想；故选D．
【点评】在做阅读理解题时，首先需要快速的浏览全文，把握文章的主旨大意；其次要
学会带着问题到文中相应的地方，通过细节阅读来寻找或概括答案；最后理清作者的写
作思路也非常重要；总之，做此类题时，需要平时加大阅读量，掌握一些阅读技巧．
30． （12分）Not so long ago，most people didn't know who Shelly Ann Francis Pryce was going
to become．She was just an average high school athlete．There was every indication that she
was just another American teenager without much of a future．However，one person wants to
change this．Stephen Francis observed then eighteen﹣year﹣old Shelly Ann as a track meet
and was convinced that he had seen the beginning of true greatness．Her time were not exactly
impressive，but even so，he seemed there was something trying to get out，something the other
coaches had overlooked when they had assessed her and found her lacking．He decided to offer
Shelly Ann a place in his very strict training seasons．Their cooperation quickly produced
results，and a few year later at Jamaica's Olympic games in early 2008，Shelly Ann，who at that
time only ranked number 70 in the world，beat Jamaica's unchallenged queen of the sprint（短
跑） ．
"Where did she come from？"asked an astonished sprinting world，before concluding that she
must be one of those one﹣hit wonders that spring up from time to time，only to disappear
again without signs．But Shelly Ann was to prove that she was anything but a one﹣hit
wonder．At the Beijing Olympic she swept away any doubts about her ability to perform
consistently by becoming the first Jamaican woman ever to win the 100 meters Olympic
gold．She did it again one year on at the World Championship in Briton，becoming world
champion with a time of 10.73﹣﹣﹣the fourth record ever．
Shelly﹣Ann is a little woman with a big smile．She has a mental toughness that did not come
about by chance．Her journey to becoming the fastest woman on earth has been anything but
smooth and effortless．She grew up in one of Jamaica's toughest inner﹣city communities
known as Waterhouse，where she lived in a one﹣room apartment，sleeping four in a bed with
her mother and two brothers．Waterhouse，one of the poorest communities in Jamaica，is a

really violent and overpopulated place．Several of Shelly﹣Ann's friends and family were
caught up in the killings； one of her cousins was shot dead only a few streets away from
where she lived．Sometimes her family didn't have enough to eat．She ran at the school
championships barefooted because she couldn't afford shoes．Her mother Maxime，one of a
family of fourteen，had been an athlete herself as a young girl but，like so many other girls in
Waterhouse，had to stop after she had her first baby．Maxime's early entry in to the adult world
with its responsibilities gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in
Waterhouse's roundabout of poverty．One of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly﹣
Ann was taking her to the track，and she was ready to sacrifice everything．
It didn't take long for Shelly﹣Ann to realize that sports could be her way out of
Waterhouse．On a summer evening in Beijing in 2008，all those long，hard hours of work and
commitment finally bore fruit．The barefoot kid who just a few years previously had been
living in poverty，surrounded by criminals and violence，had written a new chapter in the
history of sports．
But Shelly﹣Ann's victory was far greater than that．The night she won Olympic gold in
Beijing，the routine murders in Waterhouse and the drug wars in the neighbouring streets
stopped．The dark cloud above one of the world's toughest criminal neighbourhoods simply
disappeared for a few days．"I have so much fire burning for my country，"Shelly said．She
plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in
Waterhouse．She hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons．She intends to
fight to make it a woman's as well as a man's world．
As Muhammad Al i puts it，"Champions aren't made in gyms．Champions are made from
something they have deep inside them．A desire，a dream，a vision．"One of the things Shelly
﹣Ann can be proud of is her understanding of this truth．