【解析】
方法一:(1)由频率分布直方图可得各组频率依次为
$$
\begin{gathered}
0.005 \times 10=0.05,0.010 \times 10=0.10,0.020 \times 10=0.20,0.025 \times 10=0.25 \\
0.015 \times 10=0.15,0.015 \times 10=0.15,0.010 \times 10=0.10
\end{gathered}
$$
累积频率依次为0.05,0.15,0.35,0.60,0.75,0.90,1.
$$
\begin{aligned}
& Q_{1}=365+\frac{0.25-0.15}{0.020}=370, \\
& M=375+\frac{0.50-0.35}{0.025}=381 .
\end{aligned}
$$
所以第一四分位数为370,中位数为381。
(2)(i)首次故障时间小于365天对应前两组,
$$
\hat{p}=0.05+0.10=0.15 .
$$
(ii)由 $X \sim \mathrm{~B}(100,0.15)$ ,得
$$
\begin{gathered}
\mathrm{E}(X)=100 \times 0.15=15 \\
D(X)=100 \times 0.15 \times 0.85=12.75 .
\end{gathered}
$$