同角三角函数的基本关系 · 历年高考数学真题与解析

本页汇总 高考真题检索 的「同角三角函数的基本关系」高考数学真题共 42 道,覆盖 2008–2025 年,最常出题型为 单选题;含完整答案与解析。

42questions
Past questions included
2008–2025
Years covered
区分题为主
Overall difficulty
Single-choice
Most common question type
Practice This Topic Do 5 reliable past questions first, then see the answers and explanations after you submit
常用解题方法化归与转化函数与方程整体代换
常见易错点符号错误范围错误定义域忽略
Core competencies应用

Past Question List

2025 Beijing Gaokao Fill in the blank Differentiating Question 13 2025_北京卷 (2025)

13.已知 $\alpha, \beta \in[0,2 \pi]$ ,且 $\sin (\alpha+\beta)=\sin (\alpha-\beta), \cos (\alpha+\beta) \neq \cos (\alpha-\beta)$ 。写出满足条件的一组 $\alpha, \beta$的值 $\alpha=$ $\_\_\_\_$,$\beta=$ $\_\_\_\_$.

2024 National Gaokao Free response Differentiating Question 13 2024_新课标 II 卷 (2024)

13.已知 $\alpha$ 为第一象限角,$\beta$ 为第三象限角, $\tan \alpha+\tan \beta=4, \tan \alpha \tan \beta=\sqrt{2}+1$ ,则 $\sin (\alpha+\beta)=$

2024 National Gaokao Single choice Differentiating Question 8 2024_全国甲卷 (2024·理)

8.已知 $\frac{\cos \alpha}{\cos \alpha-\sin \alpha}=\sqrt{3}$ ,则 $\tan \left(\alpha+\frac{\pi}{4}\right)=$( )

A. $2 \sqrt{3}+1$
B. $2 \sqrt{3}-1$
C. $\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$
D. $1-\sqrt{3}$
2021 National Gaokao Multiple choice Differentiating Question 10 2021_新课标 I 卷 (2021)

10.已知 $O$ 为坐标原点,点 $P_{1}(\cos \alpha, \sin \alpha), P_{2}(\cos \beta,-\sin \beta), P_{3}(\cos (\alpha+\beta), \sin (\alpha+\beta))$ , $A(1,0)$ ,则

A. $\left|\overrightarrow{O P_{1}}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{O P_{2}}\right|$
B. $\left|\overrightarrow{A P_{1}}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{A P_{2}}\right|$
C. $\overrightarrow{O A} \cdot \overrightarrow{O P}_{3}=\overrightarrow{O P_{1}} \cdot \overrightarrow{O P_{2}}$
D. $\overrightarrow{O A} \cdot \overrightarrow{O P_{1}}=\overrightarrow{O P_{2}} \cdot \overrightarrow{O P_{3}}$
2021 National Gaokao Single choice Hardest Question 11 2021_全国甲卷 (2021·文)

11.若 $\alpha \in\left(0, \frac{\pi}{2}\right), \tan 2 \alpha=\frac{\cos \alpha}{2-\sin \alpha}$ ,则 $\tan \alpha=$

A. $\frac{\sqrt{15}}{15}$
B. $\frac{\sqrt{5}}{5}$
C. $\frac{\sqrt{5}}{3}$
D. $\frac{\sqrt{15}}{3}$
2021 National Gaokao Single choice Differentiating Question 6 2021_新课标 I 卷 (2021)

6.若 $\tan \theta=-2$ ,则 $\frac{\sin \theta(1+\sin 2 \theta)}{\sin \theta+\cos \theta}=()$

A. $-\frac{6}{5}$
B. $-\frac{2}{5}$
C. $\frac{2}{5}$
D. $\frac{6}{5}$
2020 Shanghai Gaokao Single choice Differentiating Question 14 2020_上海卷 (2020)

14."$\alpha=\beta$"是" $\sin { }^{2} \alpha+\cos ^{2} \beta=1$"的

A. 充分非必要条件
B. 必要非充分条件
C. 充要条件
D. 既非充分又非必要条件
2020 National Gaokao Free response Differentiating Question 22 2020_新课标 I 卷 (2020·文)

22.在直角坐标系 $x O y$ 中,曲线 $C_{1}$ 的参数方程为 $\left\{\begin{array}{l}x=\cos ^{k} t, \\ y=\sin ^{k} t\end{array}\right.$( $t$ 为参数)。以坐标原点为极点 ,$x$ 轴正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系,曲线 $C_{2}$ 的极坐标方程为 $4 \rho \cos \theta-16 \rho \sin \theta+3=0$ .
①当 $k=1$ 时,$C_{1}$ 是什么曲线?
②当 $k=4$ 时,求 $C_{1}$ 与 $C_{2}$ 的公共点的直角坐标.

2020 National Gaokao Free response Differentiating Question 22 2020_新课标 II 卷 (2020·文)

22.已知曲线 $C_{1}, C_{2}$ 的参数方程分别为 $C_{1}:\left\{\begin{array}{l}x=4 \cos ^{2} \theta, \\ y=4 \sin ^{2} \theta\end{array}\right.$( $\theta$ 为参数),$C_{2}:\left\{\begin{array}{l}x=t+\frac{1}{t}, \\ y=t-\frac{1}{t}\end{array}\right.$( $t$ 为参数)。
(1)将 $C_{1}, C_{2}$ 的参数方程化为普通方程;
(2)以坐标原点为极点,$x$ 轴正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系.设 $C_{1}, C_{2}$ 的交点为 $P$ ,求圆心在极轴上,且经过极点和 $P$ 的圆的极坐标方程.

2020 National Gaokao Free response Differentiating Question 22 2020_新课标 I 卷 (2020·理)

22.在直角坐标系 $x O y$ 中,曲线 $C_{1}$ 的参数方程为 $\left\{\begin{array}{l}x=\cos ^{k} t, \\ y=\sin ^{k} t\end{array}\right.$( $t$ 为参数)。以坐标原点为极点 ,$x$ 轴正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系,曲线 $C_{2}$ 的极坐标方程为 $4 \rho \cos \theta-16 \rho \sin \theta+3=0$ .
①当 $k=1$ 时,$C_{1}$ 是什么曲线?
②当 $k=4$ 时,求 $C_{1}$ 与 $C_{2}$ 的公共点的直角坐标.

2020 National Gaokao Free response Differentiating Question 22 2020_新课标 II 卷 (2020·理)

22.已知曲线 $C_{1}, C_{2}$ 的参数方程分别为 $C_{1}:\left\{\begin{array}{l}x=4 \cos ^{2} \theta, \\ y=4 \sin ^{2} \theta\end{array}\right.$( $\theta$ 为参数),$C_{2}:\left\{\begin{array}{l}x=t+\frac{1}{t}, \\ y=t-\frac{1}{t}\end{array}\right.$( $t$ 为参数)。
(1)将 $C_{1}, C_{2}$ 的参数方程化为普通方程;
(2)以坐标原点为极点,$x$ 轴正半轴为极轴建立极坐标系.设 $C_{1}, C_{2}$ 的交点为 $P$ ,求圆心在极轴上,且经过极点和 $P$ 的圆的极坐标方程.

2020 National Gaokao Single choice Differentiating Question 9 2020_新课标 I 卷 (2020·理)

9.已知 $\alpha \in(0, \pi)$ ,且 $3 \cos 2 \alpha-8 \cos \alpha=5$ ,则 $\sin \alpha=$( )

A. $\frac{\sqrt{5}}{3}$
B. $\frac{2}{3}$
C. $\frac{1}{3}$
D. $\frac{\sqrt{5}}{9}$
2019 National Gaokao Single choice Differentiating Question 10 2019_新课标 II 卷 (2019·理)

10.已知 $a \in\left(0, \frac{\pi}{2}\right), 2 \sin 2 \alpha=\cos 2 \alpha+1$ ,则 $\sin \alpha=$

A. $\frac{1}{5}$
B. $\frac{\sqrt{5}}{5}$
C. $\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}$
D. $\frac{2 \sqrt{5}}{5}$
2019 National Gaokao Single choice Differentiating Question 11 2019_新课标 II 卷 (2019·文)

11.已知 $a \in\left(0, \frac{\pi}{2}\right), 2 \sin 2 \alpha=\cos 2 \alpha+1$ ,则 $\sin \alpha=$

A. $\frac{1}{5}$
B. $\frac{\sqrt{5}}{5}$
C. $\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}$
D. $\frac{2 \sqrt{5}}{5}$
2017 National Gaokao Fill in the blank Differentiating Question 15 2017_新课标 I 卷 (2017·文)

15.(5分)已知 $\alpha \in\left(0, \frac{\pi}{2}\right), \tan \alpha=2$ ,则 $\cos \left(\alpha-\frac{\pi}{4}\right)=$ $\_\_\_\_$ $\frac{3 \sqrt{10}}{10}$ —• .

2017 Beijing Gaokao Free response Differentiating Question 15 2017_北京卷 (2017·理)

15.(13 分)在 $\triangle A B C$ 中,$\angle A=60^{\circ}, c=\frac{3}{7} a$ .
(1)求 $\sin \mathrm{C}$ 的值;
(2)若 $a=7$ ,求 $\triangle A B C$ 的面积.

2016 National Gaokao Single choice Differentiating Question 8 2016_新课标 III 卷 (2016·理)

8.(5分)在 $\triangle A B C$ 中,$B=\frac{\pi}{4}, B C$ 边上的高等于 $\frac{1}{3} B C$ ,则 $\cos A$ 等于( )

A. $\frac{3 \sqrt{10}}{10}$
B. $\frac{\sqrt{10}}{10}$
C. $-\frac{\sqrt{10}}{10}$
D. $-\frac{3 \sqrt{10}}{10}$
2015 Shanghai Gaokao Fill in the blank Differentiating Question 14 2015_上海卷 (2015·理)

14、在锐角三角形 ABC 中, $\tan \mathrm{A}=\frac{1}{2}, \mathrm{D}$ 为边 BC 上的点,$\triangle \mathrm{ABD}$ 与 $\triangle \mathrm{ACD}$ 的面积分别为 2 和 4 。过 D 作 $\mathrm{DE} \perp \mathrm{AB}$ 于 $\mathrm{E}, ~ \mathrm{DF} \perp \mathrm{AC}$ 于 F ,则 $\overrightarrow{\mathrm{DE}} \cdot \overrightarrow{\mathrm{DF}}=$ $\_\_\_\_$ .

2014 National Gaokao Free response Differentiating Question 17 2014_退役省自主命题 (2014·理)

17.(本小题 13 分,(I)小问 5 分,(II)小问 8 分)
已知函数 $f(x)=\sqrt{3} \sin (\omega x+\varphi)\left(\omega>0,-\frac{\pi}{2} \leq \varphi<\frac{\pi}{2}\right)$ 的图像关于直线 $x=\frac{\pi}{3}$ 对称,且图像上相邻两个最高点的距离为 $\pi$.
(I)求 $\omega$ 和 $\varphi$ 的值;
(II)若 $f\left(\frac{\alpha}{2}\right)=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}\left(\frac{\pi}{6}<\alpha<\frac{2 \pi}{3}\right)$,求 $\cos \left(\alpha+\frac{3 \pi}{2}\right)$ 的值.

2014 National Gaokao Single choice Differentiating Question 3 2014_大纲版 (2014·理)

3.(5分)设 $\mathrm{a}=\sin 33^{\circ}, \mathrm{b}=\cos 55^{\circ}, \mathrm{c}=\tan 35^{\circ}$ ,则( )

A. $a>b>c$
B. $b>c>a$
C. $c>b>a$
D. $c>a>b$
2013 National Gaokao Free response Differentiating Question 15 2013_新课标 II 卷 (2013·理)

15.(5分)设 $\theta$ 为第二象限角,若 $\tan \left(\theta+\frac{\pi}{4}\right)=\frac{1}{2}$ ,则 $\sin \theta+\cos \theta=-\frac{\sqrt{10}}{5}-$

2009 National Gaokao Single choice Differentiating Question 3 2009_旧全国 II 卷 (2009·理)

3.(5分)已知 $\triangle \mathrm{ABC}$ 中, $\cot \mathrm{A}=-\frac{12}{5}$ ,则 $\cos \mathrm{A}=$( )

A. $\frac{12}{13}$
B. $\frac{5}{13}$
C. $\frac{5}{13}$
D. $-\frac{12}{13}$
2009 National Gaokao Single choice Differentiating Question 4 2009_旧全国 II 卷 (2009·文)

4.(5分)已知 $\triangle A B C$ 中, $\cot A=-\frac{12}{5}$ ,则 $\cos A=$( )

A. $\frac{12}{13}$
B. $\frac{5}{13}$
C. $\frac{5}{13}$
D. $-\frac{12}{13}$
2009 National Gaokao Single choice Differentiating Question 5 2009_退役省自主命题 (2009·理)

5.(5分)(2009•陕西)若$3\sin\alpha+\cos\alpha=0$,则$\dfrac{1}{\cos^2\alpha+\sin2\alpha}$的值为(  )

A. $\dfrac{10}{3}$
B. $\dfrac{5}{3}$
C. $\dfrac{2}{3}$
D. $-2$

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